人類行為分析課程

一、課程說明

本課程介紹「行為分析理論」的主要概念與實驗證據；說明如何藉此理論分析人類的學習、認知、語言及創新能力；並闡述「行為分析理論」應用在特殊教育、一般教育、精神醫學、行為改造、犯罪防治的實證研究及驚人成效。本課程同時嘗試說明「行為分析理論」與演化生物學的關係。

二、指定用書

1 「人類行為分析---學習、認知、創新」（草稿，蔡式淵撰寫中，透過網路免費供應） 2 數篇英文論文(透過網路免費取得) 3 性演化達爾文張老師文化出版 (Chinese translation of Robert Wright's The Moral Animal) (Can be purchased in local bookstores, NT$ 400)

三、參考書籍

行為改變的理論與技巧（作者：馬信行；260頁；桂冠圖書公司；桂冠心理學叢書18）

行為改變的理論與技巧
（作者：馬信行；260頁；桂冠圖書公司；桂冠心理學叢書18）

行為改變技術 ( 黃裕惠譯; 學富文化事業有限公司)
從行為研究到社會改造 (樂國安著城邦文化事業股份有限公司)

四、教學方式

五、教學進度

第 1-2 週斯金納的故事（生平與理論背景）
第 3-5週「行為分析」的主要概念與實驗證據
第 6 週「處罰」的效果
第 7-9 週哪種教學法最有效？（史上最大規模的教學研究Project Follow Through）
第10 週期中報告
第11-13 週 IQ 之爭論
第14-15 週紐約警局如何使犯罪率下降50％ ?
第 16 週道德是如何養成的 ?
第 17 週行為分析與演化論 ?
第 18 週期末考

六、成績考核

七、講義位址

http://www.eb.hc.edu.tw/victor/ SYLLABUS OF BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS SEC 1: Introduction to Behavior Theory and Behavior Modification 西蒙的法術──細說兒童行為治療 (Must read) http://www.eb.hc.edu.tw/victor/magic.doc 戴上這付眼鏡打開自閉世界(Must read) http://www.eb.hc.edu.tw/victor/class.doc SEC 2: Story of B. F. Skinner 「行為分析」的主要概念與實驗證據 (Must read) http://www.eb.hc.edu.tw/victor/aa.doc SEC 3: Behavior Theory 【寫在Bandura文章之前】(Must read) http://www.eb.hc.edu.tw/victor/before.doc 沒有心的心理學蔡式淵(Must read) http://www.eb.hc.edu.tw/victor/ph.doc SEC 4: Applications of Behavior Analysis (Animals) 鴿子救生員(Must read) http://www.eb.hc.edu.tw/victor/h1.doc 鴿眼看人記(Must read) http://www.eb.hc.edu.tw/victor/s1.doc 品管神喙 (Must read) http://www.eb.hc.edu.tw/victor/god.doc SEC 5: Skinner's writings (in English) A Brief Survey of Operant Behavior (Must read)http://www.bfskinner.org/Operant.asp Skinner, B. F. (1948). 'Superstition' in the pigeon. (Must read) http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Skinner/Pigeon/ SEC 6: Education 一次難忘的經驗 (Must read)http://www.eb.hc.edu.tw/victor/r1.doc 你做得到不懲罰談主動有效的學習(Must read) http://www.eb.hc.edu.tw/victor/m1.doc 自由又快樂的學生(Must read)http://www.eb.hc.edu.tw/victor/happy.doc Two Views on How to get Johnny to Read and Think a NYT point/counterpoint article about "critical thinking" vs "content" focus in schools, by Howard Gardner and E.D. Hirsch, Jr. Two very well articulated views, defines the battleground quite well. (Must read) http://www.oregoneducation.org/general/twoviews.htm Romancing the Child by E. D. HIRSCH JR. (Must read) http://www.edmatters.org/2001sp/34.html "The progressive way of running a school is essentially the opposite of what the 'effective schools' research has taught us." So says Hirsch in the new journal, Education Matters Howard Gallup - PSI Review (Must read)Personalized System of Instruction: Behavior Modification in Education. Psychology Club Talk. Howard Gallup. April 11, 1995. ... http://ww2.lafayette.edu/~allanr/gallup.html SEC 7: IQ & Controversy surrounding it IQ will put you in your place (Must read) by Murray, Charles from Sunday Times (London), May 25 1997 Brains, rather than family background, determine how well our children will do in later life Sun Oct 5 09:21:48 1997 http://www.mugu.com/cgi-bin/Upstream/murray-iq-place?embedded=yes&cumulative_category_title=Introduction;Subjects;Humanities;Psychology;IQ&cumulative_category_id=Root;Library;Humanities;Psychology;IQ Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns (Must read) by Neisser, U. et al from American Psychological Association, 1995 The American Psychological Association issued this report in response to the controversy surrounding the Bell Curve. Their conclusions broadly mirror those of the Bell Curve, with as much egalitarian spin as they could muster. Mon Oct 20 16:48:35 1997 http://www.mugu.com/cgi-bin/Upstream/neisser-apa-IQ?embedded=yes&cumulative_category_title=Introduction;Subjects;Humanities;Psychology;IQ&cumulative_category_id=Root;Library;Humanities;Psychology;IQ Mainstream Science on Intelligence (Must read) by Gottfredson, Linda et al. from The Wall Street Journal, December 13, 1994 This statement outlines conclusions regarded as mainstream among researchers on intelligence, in particular, on the nature, origins, and practical consequences of individual and group differences in intelligence. Mon Oct 20 16:05:29 1997 http://www.mugu.com/cgi-bin/Upstream/mainstream-on-iq?embedded=yes&cumulative_category_title=Introduction;Subjects;Humanities;Psychology;IQ;The+Bell+Curve:+Intelligence+and+Class+Structure+in+American+Life&cumulative_category_id=Root;Library;Humanities;Psychology;IQ;The_Bell_Curve The Bell Curve and its Critics (Must read) by Murray, Charles from Commentary, May 1995 v99 n5 p23(8) ’The Bell Curve’ has been subjected to a great deal of harsh criticism, but much of that criticism will likely lead to social research that will validate the research published in the book. Critics who assert that no valid single measure of intelligence exists are dismissed as unscholarly. Wed Sep 24 13:40:38 1997 http://www.mugu.com/cgi-bin/Upstream/murray-bc-crit?embedded=yes&cumulative_category_title=Introduction;Subjects;Humanities;Psychology;IQ;The+Bell+Curve:+Intelligence+and+Class+Structure+in+American+Life&cumulative_category_id=Root;Library;Humanities;Psychology;IQ;The_Bell_Curve SEC 8: Crime Broken Windows - 82.03(Must read) Broken Windows The police and neighborhood safety by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling In the mid-l970s The State of New Jersey announced a "Safe and Clean Neighborhoods Program," designed to improve the quality of community life ... http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/crime/windows.htm Bratton Interview (Must read) ... of New York City from 1994 to 1996, William Bratton significantly lowered crime by using new police strategies that focused on "quality of life" problems as ... http://www.onpatrol.com/bratint.html SEC 9: Morality What is moral, and how do we know it? (Must read) by Wilson, James Q. from Commentary, June 1993 v95 n6 p37(7) Many 20th century philosophers incorrectly believe that there is no universal moral codes that guide human beings. Although rules are not universal, dispositions towards morality are. All cultures share a tendency to form family and societal bonds that foster moral commitments. [Sat Sep 27 09:54:35 1997] http://www.mugu.com/cgi-bin/Upstream/wilson-what-is-moral How we acquire a sense of morality (Must read) by Eysenck, Hans J. from Criminal Justice Ethics, Summer-Fall 1994 13 n2 p53-61 Review of James Q. Wilson’s "The Moral Sense". Tue Oct 14 12:53:08 1997 http://www.mugu.com/cgi-bin/Upstream/atoms/eysenck-wilson-moral-sense.html?embedded=yes&cumulative_category_title=Introduction;Subjects;Humanities;Psychology&cumulative_category_id=Root;Library;Humanities;Psychology The moral sense (For reference) by Wilson, James Q. from American Political Science Review, March 1993 v87 n1 p1(11) The central problem for social science is to explain social order. How do people manage to live together? [Sat Sep 27 09:43:11 1997] http://www.mugu.com/cgi-bin/Upstream/wilson-moral-sense SEC 10: Evolution and Behavior
The evolutionary future of man, Economist Sep 11, p.87 (1993) -( by Richard Dawkins) a biological view of progress http://www.spacelab.net/~catalj/future.htm SEC 11: Science, Paranormal and nonsense Human gullibility beyond belief, By Richard Dawkins. THE SUNDAY TIMES (Aug 25 96) - the "paranormal" in the media http://www.sunday-times.co.uk/news/pages/sti/96/08/25/stirevnws02007.html?1339720 Science, Delusion and the Appetite for Wonder By Dawkins 1996 http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/dawkins/lecture_p1.html Is Science a Religion?, The Humanist (Jan/Feb 97) - ( by Richard Dawkins) The 1996 Humanist of the Year asked this question in a speech accepting the honor from the American Humanist Association http://www.humanist.net/publications/humanist/dawkins.html What’s Wrong with the Paranormal?, -( by Richard Dawkins) almost unrecognizably hacked-about version of this appeared in the Sunday Mirror [London] (Sunday, Feb 8 98), under the headline "Aliens are not among us." http://www.spacelab.net/~catalj/paranormal.htm The Improbability of God - Op-Ed article partly based on The Blind Watchmaker and Climbing Mount Improbable.( by Richard Dawkins) Free Inquiry (Summer 1998) v18, n3 http://www.secularhumanism.org/library/fi/dawkins_18_3.html Postmodernism Disrobed, Nature 394, pp 141-143 (Jul 9 98) - Richard Dawkins' review of Intellectual Impostures by Alan Sokal and Jean Bricmont. Profile Books 1998, ?.99. To be published in U.S.A. by Picador as Fashionable Nonsense. http://www.spacelab.net/~catalj/postmoderism_disrobed.htm

參考講義位置

FOR REFERENCE OR FURTHER READING, NOT A MUST

(REFERENCE FOR SEC 5)

Skinner, B. F. (1950). Are theories of learning necessary? Psychological Review, 57, 193-216. (For reference)

　　　　　http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Skinner/Theories/

The Analysis of Behavior: A Program for Self-Instruction (For reference)
"The Analysis of Behavior, A Program for Self-Instruction" is a self-paced program of instruction designed to teach introductory principles of the experimental analysis of behavior.http://www.bfskinner.org/index.asp

(REFERENCE FOR SEC 6) : More articles by E. D. Hirsch ( For reference only)

Articles by E. D. Hirsch, Jr.

You Can Always Look It Up -- Or Can You? - adapted from the closing address at the 9th Core Knowledge National Conference, Anaheim, California, March 18, 2000
The Tests We Need and Why We Don't Quite Have Them - an essay that first appeared in Education Week, February 2, 2000
Why Core Knowledge Promotes Social Justice - convocation address, University of Tennessee - Chattanooga, October 6, 1999
Class Size: A Question of Trade-Offs - excerpts from testimony before the Joint Congressional Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Youth and Families Hearing, February 24, 1998
An Address to the Joint Committee on Head Start Reauthorization - March 26, 1998
Why General Knowledge Should Be a Goal of Education in a Democracy - address at the 7th Core Knowledge National Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, March 14, 1998
An Address to the California State Board of Education - April 10, 1997
Toward a Centrist Curriculum: Two Kinds of Multiculturalism in Elementary School - an essay for the Core Knowledge Foundation, 1991, 1997
Fairness and Core Knowledge - an essay for the Core Knowledge Foundation, 1992

(REFERENCE FOR SEC 7: IQ)

	Review of "The Bell Curve" (For reference)
	by Goldberger, Arthur S. and Manski, Charles F. from June 1995
	The Bell Curve is a long and complex four-part book by the psychologist Richard Herrnstein and the political scientist Charles Murray. The authors assert that intelligence is a highly heritable trait, plays a critical role in socioeconomic achievement and social pathology, and is becoming increasingly unequally distributed. They envision a society increasingly stratified by cognitive ability, and contend that compensatory interventions cannot halt the trend. This review article examines the logical and empirical support for these claims.
	Sun Oct 5 08:32:23 1997

	Cover of The Bell Curve
	Image of the Bell Curve cover jacket.
	Wed Sep 24 13:45:23 1997

	Cover of The Bell Curve
	Image of the Bell Curve cover jacket.
	Wed Sep 24 13:45:23 1997

Acting smart (For reference)

by Wilson, James Q. from National Review, Dec 5, 1994 v46 n23 p46(3)
IQ influences behavior because intellect is necessary to imagine the consequences of actions. It is difficult to change the factors in a child’s environment that lead those with low IQs into socially pathological behavior. Differences in intellect will inevitably affect race relations.
[Sat Sep 20 09:27:16 1997]

	IQ Website (for reference only)
	by Webmaster
	Human intelligence.
	Sun Sep 21 13:32:47 1997

(REFERENCE FOR SEC 8: CRIME)

Making Neighborhoods Safe - 89.02(For reference)
Making Neighborhoods Safe Sometimes "fixing broken windows" does more to reduce crime than conventional "incident-oriented" policing by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling NEW Briarfield Apartments is an old, run-down collection of ...
http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/crime/safehood.htm

Fixing1(For reference)
From Fixing Broken Windows (The Free Press, 1996) Foreword by James Q. Wilson The competing demands of liberty and community constitute a fundamental cleavage that divides contemporary political philosophers and has produced among the ...
http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/bookauth/broken/fore.htm

Thinking about crime; the debate over deterrence (For reference)
by Wilson, James Q. from The Atlantic, Sept 1983 v252 p72(15)
In the past, larger social processes may have had a greater effect on crime rates then than they do today, because then, unlike now, they were working in concert with social sentiments: society condemned those whom the police arrested, the judge convicted, or the labor market ignored. Shame magnified the effect of punishment, and perhaps was its most important part.
[Sat Sep 27 09:24:40 1997]

What to do about crime (For reference)
by Wilson, James Q. from Commentary, Sept 1994 v98 n3 p25(10)
Six percent of the young male population creates most of the nation’s crime, so crime rates tend to fall as the number of young males declines. There is evidence that the current crop of young criminals is more violent than past generations. Coordinated child welfare reform efforts could reduce crime.
[Sat Sep 27 09:17:11 1997]

(REFERENCE FOR SEC 9: MORALITY)

The moral sense (For reference)
by Wilson, James Q. from American Political Science Review, March 1993 v87 n1 p1(11)
The central problem for social science is to explain social order. How do people manage to live together?
[Sat Sep 27 09:43:11 1997]

Review of "The Book of Virtues" (For reference)
by Wilson, James Q. from Commentary, April 1994 v97 n4 p30(5)
Review of "The Book of Virtues" by William J. Bennett
[Sat Sep 27 09:51:37 1997]

(REFERENCE FOR SEC 10: Evolution & Behavior)

(Excerpts from E. O. Wilson's Consilience, of which Chinese translation is available in bookstores天下文化出版: 知識大融通)

http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/98apr/biomoral.htm

http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/98apr/bio2.htm

http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/bookauth/eow2.htm

How we got a head start on our animal natures, THE SUNDAY TIMES (Dec 29 96) - ( by Richard Dawkins) Our selfish genes made brains that turned the tables on them http://www.sunday-times.co.uk/news/pages/sti/96/12/29/stirevnws01003.html?1339720

No mercy on the violent river of life, Telegraph (May 11 95) -( by Richard Dawkins) his summary of River out of Eden http://www.telegraph.co.uk/et?ac=000166730919215&rtmo=32cfc892&atmo=32cfc892&pg=/et/95/5/11/1sci1105.html